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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Complex societies, with sophisticated temple architecture, develop at sites such as Aspero and Caral in the Norte Chico region of Peru | |
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| c. 900 BC |
| | | Chávin de Huántar becomes the centre of the first civilization of south America | |
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| c. 300 BC - AD 100 |
| | | The people of Paracas, a coastal region of central Peru, create extremely sophisticated fabrics of woven cotton or vicuña wool | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created | |
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| c. 200 |
| | | The potato is cultivated in the Peruvian Andes | |
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| c. 700 |
| | | The quipu is used in the Wari culture and becomes the standard recording device of the Andean civilizations | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | Batán Grande, in northern Peru, becomes a great pilgrimage centre in the Sican culture | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | Chan Chan, today the largest of the ruined Andean cities, dominates the entire length of Peru | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru | |
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| 1438 |
| | | After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti | |
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